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Zijn

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Dutch

Variant spellings

Zijn using the ligature (unicode #307) instead of separate letters)

Pronunciation

/zeIn/

Verb

  1. to be

Conjugation

Auxiliary verb: zijn

...tense
person...
Present
(onvoltooid tegenwoordige tijd)
Past
(onvoltooid verleden tijd)
Past participle
(voltooid deelwoord)
singular
ikbenwasgeweest
jij (je)/ubentwasid.
hij/zij (ze)/meniswasid.
plural
wij (we)zijnwarenid.
julliezijnwarenid.
zij (ze)zijnwarenid.

Present participle (onvoltooid deelwoord): zijnd, zijnde

Imperative (gebiedende wijs): wees

Note
  • When the order of jij (or the unstressed form je) and bent is reversed, the final t is dropped. Compare Jij bent (you are) with Ben jij (are you). This is not the case when the polite form u is used.
Usage examples
  • zijn of niet zijn, dat is de vraag: to be or not to be, that is the question (the first line of Hamlet's monologue in Shakespeare's play.)

Synonyms

  1. Wezen, bennen.
    Usage notes
    • Most of these synonyms are archaic, very little used forms.

Possessive Pronoun

(contracted form: z'n, /z@n/)

  1. (third person singular, masculine and neuter), his, its.
    Usage notes
    • About grammatical gender in Dutch: all diminutives are automatically neuter; however, sex takes precedence in all the pronouns. Compare het kopje en zijn schotel (the (little) cup and its saucer) with het meisje en haar hoed (the (little) girl and her hat).
    Examples
    • Een man en zijn hond: a man and his dog;
    • Een man en z'n hoed: a man and his hat;
    • Een boek en zijn kaft; a book and its cover.

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