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Wiktionary: Hamito-Semitic Swadesh lists

From open-dictionary.com - the free dictionary.

Tip: There is a tool at http://www.wandel.subnet.dk/arabic.html which should help you to find the HTML codes for the Arabic script, if you are familiar with the script. (This should not replace the romanized versions, however.)

You can also visit the Hamito-Semitic Basic English template (a more extensive list of words).

Note on romanization
- a,e,i,o and u stand for the short vowels of respectively hat, get,hit,hot and put in English.
- aa,ee,ii,oo and uu stand for the long vowels of respectively car, care,heat,core and fool in (British) English.
- &thorn stands for the th of English thick.
- &eth stands for the th of English this.
- T, S, D and &Eth; stand for the sounds derived from t, s, s and ð, by pronouncing them with a simultaneous constriction of the larynx; they are the so-called emphatic consonants, typical for Semitic languages.
- x stands for the sound of German ch in Ach ! or Spanish jota.
- gh stands for the voiced counterpart of x pretty much as French of German r.
- H stands for the typical rough h sound of Semitic languages.
- ` stands for the voiced counterpart of H.


Since this page is mostly devoted to ancient languages, the Hebrew romanization has been chosen to correspond to the pronounciation of Biblical time Hebrew rather than to modern Israeli Hebrew. This means that the following evolutions are not taken into account :
- p>f, t>þ k>x,b>v, d>&eth ; and g>gh after vowels (probably under Aramaic influence)
- H and x merger into x, w and v merger into v, q and k merger into k, t and T merger into t, ` and merger into a mild expiration, along with the ts pronounciation of emphatic S (the whole probably under German/Slavic influence on Yiddish populations of Eastern Europe before World War II).


No English Arabic Script Romanized
Arabic
Hebrew Script Romanized
Hebrew
Syriac Script Romanized Syriac Romanized Akkadian Geez
1 I أَنَا 'anaa אני, אנכי anii, anooki ܐܢܐ 'enaa anaaku [[]]
2 thou אתה, את atta (m.), att (f.) ܐܢܬ, ܐܢܬܝ 'att(a) (m.), 'att(i) (f.) atta (m.), atti (f.) [[]]
3 he هُوَ huwa הוא huu ܗܘ huu shuu [[]]
3 she היא hii ܗܘ hii shii [[]]
4 we نَحْنُ naHnu אנחנו anaHnuu [[]] Hnan [[]] [[]]
5 you أَنْتُمْ, أَنْتُنَّ, أَنْتُمَا 'antum (m.), 'antunna (f.), 'antumaa (du.) אתם, אתן attem (m), atten (f) [[]] attoon (m.), atteen (f.) [[]] [[]]
6 they هُمْ, هُنَّ, هُمّا hum (m.), hunna (f.), humaa (du.) הם, הן heem (m), heen (f) [[]] (h)ennoon(m.), (h)enneen (f.) [[]] [[]]
7 this هَذَا, هَذِهِ haaðaa (m.), haaðihi (f.) זה, זאת ze (m), zo't (f) [[]] haanaa (m.), haadee(f.), haaleen (pl.) [[]] [[]]
8 that ذَلِكَ, تِلْكَ ðaalika (m.), tilka (f.) ההוא, ההיא hahuu (m), hahii (f) [[]] haaw (m.), haay (f.), haanoon (m.pl.), haaneen (f.pl.) [[]] [[]]
9 here هُنَا hunaa כאן, פה kan, po [[]] haarkaa [[]] [[]]
10 there هُنَاكَ hunaaka, þammaa שם shaam [[]] tammaan [[]] [[]]
11 who مَنْ man מי mi [[]] man [[]] [[]]
12 what مَا maa מה maa [[]] maa, maanaa [[]] [[]]
13 where أَيْنَ 'ayna איפה, לאן, מאיפה eifo (where is), le'an (where to), meifo (where from) [[]] 'aykaa [[]] [[]]
14 when مَتَى mataa מתי matai [[]] emat(i) [[]] [[]]
15 how كَيْفَ kayfa איך eikh [[]] 'aykan [[]] [[]]
16 not َلا laa לא loo [[]] laa [[]] [[]]
17 all كُلّ kull כל kol [[]] koll [[]] [[]]
18 many كَثِير kaþiir הרבה harbe [[]] saggii [[]] [[]]
19 some بَعْض ba`D [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
20 few قَلِيل qaliil קצת qSat [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
21 other [[]] 'axiir (m.), 'uxraa (f.) אחר aHer [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
22 one [[]] 'aHad (m.), Hadaa (f.) אחד, אחת eHad (m), aHat (f) [[]] Had [[]] [[]]
23 two [[]] iþnayni (m.), iþnatayni (f.) שנים, שתים shnayim (m.), shtayim (f.) [[]] treen (m.), tarteen (f.) [[]] [[]]
24 three [[]] þalaaþa (m.), þalaaþ (f.) שלשח, שלש sheloosha (m.), shaloosh (f.) [[]] tlaata (m.), tlaat (f.) [[]] [[]]
25 four [[]] 'arba`a (m.), 'arba`(f.) ארבעה, אקבע 'arbe`a (m.), 'arba`(f.) [[]] 'arb`a (m.), 'arba`(f.) [[]] [[]]
26 five [[]] xamsa (m.), xams (f.) חמשה, חמש [[]] [[]] Hammsha (m.), Hammesh (f.) [[]] [[]]
27 big [[]] sitta (m.), sitt(f.) ששה, שש sheesha [[]] shetta (m.) [[]] [[]]
28 long [[]] sab`a (m.), sab`(f.) שבעה, שבע sheb`a (m.), sheba`(f.) [[]] sheb`a (m.), shba`(f.) [[]] [[]]
29 wide [[]] þamaaniya (m.), þamaan (f.) שמונה shmoona (m.), shmooneh (f.) [[]] tmaanya (m.), tmaan (f.) [[]] [[]]
30 thick [[]] tis`a (m.), tis` (f.) תשעה, תשע tesh`a (m.), tesha`(f.) [[]] tesh`a (m.), tsha`(f.) [[]] [[]]
31 heavy [[]] þaqiil [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
32 small [[]] Saghiir קטן qaTan [[]] z`oor [[]] [[]]
33 short [[]] qaSiir [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
34 narrow [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
35 thin [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
36 woman [[]] imra'ah אשה ishsha [[]] attetah [[]] [[]]
37 man [[]] rajul איש iish [[]] gbar [[]] [[]]
38 person [[]] [[]] אנש [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
39 child [[]] walad ילד yeled [[]] Talii [[]] [[]]
40 wife [[]] zawjah אשת eshet [[]] attetah [[]] [[]]
41 husband [[]] zawj בעל ba`al [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
42 mother [[]] 'umm אם 'eem [[]] emm [[]] [[]]
43 father [[]] abb אב aab [[]] abb [[]] [[]]
44 animal [[]] Hayawaan [[]] [[]] [[]] Hayuu [[]] [[]]
45 fish [[]] samaka [[]] nuuna [[]] nuuna [[]] [[]]
46 bird [[]] Taa'ir [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
47 dog [[]] kalb כלב keleb [[]] kleb [[]] [[]]
48 louse [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
49 snake [[]] [[]] נחש [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
50 worm [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
51 tree [[]] shajara אץ [[]] [[]] iilaan [[]] [[]]
52 forest [[]] ghaaba, Hursh [[]] [[]] [[]] Hors [[]] [[]]
53 stick [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
54 fruit [[]] faakiha פרי [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
55 seed [[]] [[]] זרע [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
56 leaf [[]] waraqa [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
57 root [[]] [[]] שרש [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
58 bark [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
59 flower [[]] &Eth;ahr [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
60 grass [[]] Hashiish [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
61 rope [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] gmal [[]] [[]]
62 skin [[]] jild [[]] [[]] [[]] gled [[]] [[]]
63 meat [[]] laHm בשר [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
64 blood [[]] dam דם [[]] [[]] dem [[]] [[]]
65 bone [[]] [[]] עצם [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
66 fat (n.) [[]] [[]] חלב, שמן [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
67 egg [[]] bayDa ביצה [[]] [[]] bee`a [[]] [[]]
68 horn [[]] qurn קרן qeren [[]] qren [[]] [[]]
69 tail [[]] [[]] זנב [[]] [[]] dneb [[]] [[]]
70 feather [[]] riish [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
71 hair [[]] sha`r [[]] [[]] [[]] s`ar [[]] [[]]
72 head [[]] ra's ראש roosh [[]] resh [[]] [[]]
73 ear [[]] 'uðun אזן [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
74 eye [[]] `ayn עין `ayin [[]] `een [[]] [[]]
75 nose [[]] [[]] אף [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
76 mouth [[]] [[]] פה [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
77 tooth [[]] sinn שין [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
78 tongue [[]] lisaan לשון laashoon [[]] lashaan [[]] [[]]
79 fingernail [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
80 foot [[]] rijl רגל [[]] [[]] rgel [[]] [[]]
81 leg [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
82 knee [[]] rukba [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
83 hand [[]] yad יד yad [[]] yad [[]] [[]]
84 wing [[]] [[]] כנף [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
85 belly [[]] baTn בטן [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
86 guts [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
87 neck [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
88 back [[]] Dahr [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
89 breast [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] Hadya [[]] [[]]
90 heart [[]] qalb לב lebb [[]] lebb [[]] [[]]
91 liver [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
92 drink [[]] [[]] שתה [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
93 eat [[]] akala אכל aakal [[]] ekal [[]] [[]]
94 bite [[]] [[]] נשך [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
95 suck [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
96 spit [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
97 vomit [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
98 blow [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
99 breathe [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
100 laugh [[]] DaHika צחק SaaHaq [[]] shHak [[]] [[]]
101 see [[]] ra'aa ראה raa'aa [[]] Hazaa [[]] [[]]
102 hear [[]] sami`a שמע shaama` [[]] shma` [[]] [[]]
103 know [[]] `arifa ידע yaada` [[]] ida` [[]] [[]]
104 think [[]] fakkara [[]] Haashaba [[]] Hshab [[]] [[]]
105 smell [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
106 fear [[]] xaafa ירא [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
107 sleep [[]] naama ישן [[]] [[]] dmeq [[]] [[]]
108 live [[]] `aasha חיה [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
109 die [[]] maata מות [[]] [[]] met [[]] [[]]
110 kill [[]] qatala קטל qaaTal [[]] qTal [[]] [[]]
111 fight [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
112 hunt [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
113 hit [[]] [[]] הכה [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
114 cut [[]] [[]] כרת [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
115 split [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
116 stab [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
117 scratch [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
118 dig [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
119 swim [[]] sabaHa [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
120 fly (v.) [[]] Taara [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
121 walk [[]] ðahaba הלך [[]] [[]] halleek [[]] [[]]
122 come [[]] jaa'a בא [[]] [[]] ataa [[]] [[]]
123 lie [[]] [[]] שכב [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
124 sit [[]] jalisa, qa`ada ישב [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
125 stand [[]] [[]] עמד [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
126 turn [[]] qalaba [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
127 fall [[]] [[]] נפל [[]] [[]] npel [[]] [[]]
128 give [[]] a`Taa נתן naatan [[]] ndan [[]] [[]]
129 hold [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
130 squeeze [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
131 rub [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
132 wash [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
133 wipe [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
134 pull [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
135 push [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
136 throw [[]] ramaa [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
137 tie [[]] rabaTa [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
138 sew [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
139 count [[]] Hasaba ספר [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
140 say [[]] qaala אמר [[]] [[]] 'emar [[]] [[]]
141 sing [[]] ghannaa [[]] [[]] [[]] zmar [[]] [[]]
142 play [[]] la`iba [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
143 float [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
144 flow [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
145 freeze [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
146 swell [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
147 sun [[]] shams שמש shemesh [[]] shmesh [[]] [[]]
148 moon [[]] qamar ירח [[]] [[]] shar [[]] [[]]
149 star [[]] kawkab, najma כוכב kookab [[]] kookab [[]] [[]]
150 water [[]] maa' מים mayyiim [[]] [[]] mayyiin [[]]
151 rain [[]] maTar מטר [[]] [[]] mTer [[]] [[]]
152 river [[]] nahr נחר [[]] [[]] nhar [[]] [[]]
153 lake [[]] buHayra [[]] [[]] [[]] bHar [[]] [[]]
154 sea [[]] baHr ים yaam [[]] yam [[]] [[]]
155 salt [[]] milH מלח melaH [[]] mleH [[]] [[]]
156 stone [[]] Saxra אבן [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
157 sand [[]] raml [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
158 dust [[]] ghuraab אפר [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
159 earth [[]] arD, turaab ארץ ereS [[]] ara` [[]] [[]]
160 cloud [[]] ghayma [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
161 fog [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
162 sky [[]] samaa' שמים shamayiim [[]] shmayyiin [[]] [[]]
163 wind [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
164 snow [[]] þalj שלג [[]] [[]] tleg [[]] [[]]
165 ice [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
166 smoke [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
167 fire [[]] naar אש [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
168 ashes [[]] [[]] עפר [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
169 burn [[]] Hariqa בער [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
170 road [[]] Tariiqa דרך [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
171 mountain [[]] jabal [[]] הר [[]] Tuur [[]] [[]]
172 red [[]] 'aHmar (m.), Hamraa (f.) אדום [[]] [[]] smaaq (m.), smaaqa (f.) [[]] [[]]
173 green [[]] 'axDar (m.), xaDraa (f.) ירק [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
174 yellow [[]] 'aSfar (m.), Safraa' (f.) [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
175 white [[]] 'abyaD (m.), bayDaa' (f.) לבן [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
176 black [[]] 'aswad (m.), sawdaa' (f.) [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
177 night [[]] layl לילה layla [[]] lelya [[]] [[]]
178 day [[]] yawn, nahaar יום yoom [[]] yoom [[]] [[]]
179 year [[]] sana שנה shaana [[]] shana [[]] [[]]
180 warm [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
181 cold [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
182 full [[]] [[]] מלא [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
183 new [[]] jadiid חדש Hadaash [[]] Haddiit [[]] [[]]
184 old [[]] [[]] זקן [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
185 good [[]] [[]] טוב Toob [[]] Taab [[]] [[]]
186 bad [[]] [[]] רע [[]] [[]] b'esh [[]] [[]]
187 rotten [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
188 dirty [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
189 straight [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
190 round [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
191 sharp [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
192 dull [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
193 smooth [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] rakkik [[]] [[]]
194 wet [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
195 dry [[]] [[]] יבש [[]] [[]] yaabesh [[]] [[]]
196 correct [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
197 near [[]] qariib [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
198 far [[]] ba`iid [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
199 right [[]] yamiin ימין yamiin [[]] yamiin [[]] [[]]
200 left [[]] shamaal שמאל [[]] [[]] smaal [[]] [[]]
201 at [[]] fii, bi ב be [[]] be [[]] [[]]
202 in [[]] fii, bi ב be [[]] be [[]] [[]]
203 with [[]] ma`a, bi את ב עם `im, be, ett- [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
204 and [[]] wa ו we [[]] we [[]] [[]]
205 if [[]] 'inn אם im [[]] en [[]] [[]]
206 because [[]] bi-sabab [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
207 name [[]] 'ism שם sheem [[]] shem [[]] [[]]

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