-in
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Finnish
Case suffix
-in
- Suffix for the genitive plural.
Usage
- Suffixed to the nominative singular but the final -i changes to -e-.
- Nowadays This suffix is rare and usually gives archaic tone. Certain names, however, retain this, eg. Yhdysvaltain from Yhdysvallat (singular stem Yhdysvalta-), where also the more modern form Yhdysvaltojen is possible.
See also
Case suffix
-in
- Suffix variant for the illative singular, see -Vn.
Adjectival suffix
-in
- Forms superlatives from adjectives and certain adverbs.
Usage
The suffix is appended to the genitive singular stem but it causes the same changes as the plural marker -i-. Therefore, it's equivalent to append just -n to the (possibly weak) plural stem, eg. from the inessive plural.
Declension
The suffix has the form -in only in the nominative and partitive singular. It has, in other singular cases, the strong vowel stem -impa/impä- and the weak vowel stem -imma/immä-; in plural, it has the strong vowel stem -impi- and the weak vowel stem -immi-. The adjective jäykkä "stiff" has the following forms:
| nominative singular | jäykkä |
| genitive singular | jäykän |
| inessive plural | jäykissä |
| SUPERLATIVE | |
| nominative singular | jäykin |
| genitive singular | jäykimmän |
| partitive singular | jäykintä |
| essive singular | jäykimpänä |
| genitive plural | jäykimpien |
| partitive plural | jäykimpiä |
| inessive plural | jäykimmissä |
See also
- -mpi
Deverbal suffix
-in (stems -ime-, -in-, -imi-)
- Used to form inanimate instrumental nouns from verbs and verbal stems.
Examples
- avata "to open" -> avain "key"
- keittää "to cook, boil" -> keitin "appliance for cooking/boiling"
- puhella "to chat, chatter" (derivative of puhua "to talk") -> puhelin "telephone"
Declension
The suffix has the form -in- in the partitive singular, -ime- in other singular cases and the nominative plural and -imi- in other plural cases. The stem can undergo reverse gradation.
