馬
From open-dictionary.com - the free dictionary.
- Alternate form: 马
- Stroke order:
- Four-Corner System: 71327
- Cangjie input: 尸手尸火 (SQSF)
- Graphical Significance and Origin: It is derived from the pictogram of a horse with its head turned to look back and showing a flowing mane in the wind. The four short strokes at its base represent its feet, and the seeping stroke in the lower right represents its tail.
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Chinese Hanzi
- Romanizations
- Style: Traditional Chinese
- Simplified equivalent: 马
- Other info: 馬 is the 187th radical of the Chinese dictionary. Compound characters such as 騎 will mostly have the radical on the left with a meaning frequently related to horses.
Japanese Kanji
Compounds
- Other info: The Kun reading /uma/ may be used alone as a word for horse or as part of another word. The On reading is usually part of a word, for example 乗馬 (じょうば /zyooba/ "horseback riding") or 駟馬 (しめ /sime/ or しば /siba/ "a set of four horses for drawing a carriage"). /ma-/ is not an On reading and is rather a bound morpheme attested since the Old Japanese period. It has not appeared alone as a free word since the earliest Japanese anthology, the Manyoshu, but it still lingers on in Modern Japanese in such forms as /ma-gusa/ (hay; fodder for horses or cattle) and /ma-guso/ (horse droppings). As for the etymological relationship between the Japanese Kun readings, the form /uma/ has probably evolved from an older form /mima/, which is actually attested in compounds and names of Emperors in Old Japanese and still appears in toponyms (placenames) even today. /mima/ itself was probably a compound of the Old Japanese honorific prefix /mi-/, which had the same function as Modern Japanese /o-/, and the original Japanese root for "horse," i.e. */ma/. In the same manner as */mi-ma/ became fossilized as /mima/ and later eroded into /muma/ or /uma/, the Chinese loanword /tya/ (tea) has been prefixed with the more recent Japanese honorific prefix /o-/ and become fixed as /o-tya/(pronounced "ocha") no matter whether a speaker really wants to indicate respect toward the tea or its provider. No one says just /tya/ ("cha") in Modern Japanese, just as no one says just /ma-/; one has to say "uma."
Korean Hanja
- Hangeul: 말 /mal/, this is Korean (Hangeul) for horse.
- 말 seems to be transformed from phonetical transcription of Chinese.
- But 말 as pure Korean word has another sense: it means spoken word.
- Hanja: 마 (馬) /ma/, that is phonetical transcription of Chinese 馬.
- 마 is used as prefix or suffix of complex words.
- Example Words
- 마차 (ma-cha, 馬車): horse-drawn carriage
- 경마 (gyeong-ma, 競馬): horserace
- Romanizations
- The 2000 South Korean Revised: ma
- McCune-Reischauer: ma
- Yale: ma
Dictionary Information
- KangXi: 1433.010
- Morobashi: 44572
- Dae Jaweon: 1956.340
- Hanyu Da Zidian: 74539.010
Technical Information
- Unicode:
- Hex: 99AC
- Decimal: 39340
- Big5:
- Hex: B0A8
- Decimal: 45224
